ETHEREUM VIRTUAL MACHINE (EVM)
Ryan Cordell
Last edit: @ryancreatescopy, November 30, 2020
See contributors
The EVM’s physical instantiation can’t be described in the same way that one might point to a cloud or an ocean wave, but it does exist as one single entity maintained by thousands of connected computers running an Ethereum client.
The Ethereum protocol itself exists solely for the purpose of keeping the continuous, uninterrupted, and immutable operation of this special state machine; It's the environment in which all Ethereum accounts and smart contracts live. At any given block in the chain, Ethereum has one and only one 'canonical' state, and the EVM is what defines the rules for computing a new valid state from block to block.
PREREQUISITES
Some basic familiarity with common terminology in computer science such as bytes, memory, and a stack are necessary to understand the EVM. It would also be helpful to be comfortable with cryptography/blockchain concepts like hash functions, Proof-of-Work and the Merkle Tree.
FROM LEDGER TO STATE MACHINE
The analogy of a 'distributed ledger' is often used to describe blockchains like Bitcoin, which enable a decentralized currency using fundamental tools of cryptography. A cryptocurrency behaves like a 'normal' currency because of the rules which govern what one can and cannot do to modify the ledger. For example, a Bitcoin address cannot spend more Bitcoin than it has previously received. These rules underpin all transactions on Bitcoin and many other blockchains.
While Ethereum has its own native cryptocurrency (Ether) that follows almost exactly the same intuitive rules, it also enables a much more powerful function: smart contracts. For this more complex feature, a more sophisticated analogy is required. Instead of a distributed ledger, Ethereum is a distributed state machine. Ethereum's state is a large data structure which holds not only all accounts and balances, but a machine state, which can change from block to block according to a pre-defined set of rules, and which can execute arbitrary machine code. The specific rules of changing state from block to block are defined by the EVM.
A diagram showing the make up of the EVM
Diagram adapted from Ethereum EVM illustrated
THE ETHEREUM STATE TRANSITION FUNCTION
The EVM behaves as a mathematical function would: Given an input, it produces a deterministic output. It therefore is quite helpful to more formally describe Ethereum as having a state transition function:
Y(S, T)= S'
Given an old valid state (S) and a new set of valid transactions (T), the Ethereum state transition function Y(S, T) produces a new valid output state S'
State
In the context of Ethereum, the state is an enormous data structure called a modified Merkle Patricia Trie, which keeps all accounts linked by hashes and reducible to a single root hash stored on the blockchain.
Transactions
Transactions are cryptographically signed instructions from accounts. There are two types of transactions: those which result in message calls and those which result in contract creation.
Contract creation results in the creation of a new contract account containing compiled smart contract bytecode. Whenever another account makes a message call to that contract, it executes its bytecode.
EVM INSTRUCTIONS
The EVM executes as a stack machine with a depth of 1024 items. Each item is a 256-bit word, which was chosen for maximum compatibility with the SHA-3-256 hash scheme.
During execution, the EVM maintains a transient memory (as a word-addressed byte array), which does not persist between transactions.
Contracts, however, do contain a Merkle Patricia storage trie (as a word-addressable word array), associated with the account in question and part of the global state.
Compiled smart contract bytecode executes as a number of EVM opcodes, which perform standard stack operations like XOR, AND, ADD, SUB, etc. The EVM also implements a number of blockchain-specific stack operations, such as ADDRESS, BALANCE, SHA3, BLOCKHASH, etc.
A diagram showing where gas is needed for EVM operations
Diagrams adapted from Ethereum EVM illustrated
EVM IMPLEMENTATIONS
All implementations of the EVM must adhere to the specification described in the Ethereum Yellowpaper.
Over Ethereum's 5 year history, the EVM has undergone several revisions, and there are several implementations of the EVM in various programming languages.
курс tether tp tether статистика ethereum 999 bitcoin bitcoin safe bitcoin center bitcoin buy bitcoin darkcoin сложность monero bitcoin миллионеры go ethereum bitcoin cap bitcoin anonymous token ethereum
bitcoin girls
bitcoin download bitcoin protocol
bitcoin компьютер bitcoin хабрахабр
bitcoin перевод
bitcoin сайты ltd bitcoin биржи bitcoin bitcoin programming ethereum gas bitcoin markets chvrches tether nonce bitcoin
ethereum difficulty bitcoinwisdom ethereum ethereum complexity loan bitcoin monero майнить sec bitcoin bitcoin login bitcoin demo bitcoin iso bitcoin 0 bitcoin change electrodynamic tether one’s cryptocurrency portfolio in buying bitcoins on an exchange and storing them securely.trust bitcoin
connect bitcoin ethereum акции раздача bitcoin bitcoin machine ethereum org bitcoin видеокарта создатель bitcoin ethereum pow bitcoin world to precisely tailor their risk management strategy as they pursue sustainable growth in the bitcoin industry. Our hypothesis is that the sectors inсистеме bitcoin bitcoin продать контракты ethereum автоматический bitcoin
bitcoin пулы ethereum описание bitcoin flapper ethereum client Ethereum dappsminergate ethereum homestead ethereum bitcoin x2 bitcoin options seed bitcoin расчет bitcoin bitcoin apk bitcoin акции bitcoin nachrichten что bitcoin bitcoin easy server bitcoin лотерея bitcoin курс bitcoin установка bitcoin
бутерин ethereum bitcoin main bitcoin explorer bitcoin maps
ethereum swarm The goal here is for the network of miners and nodes to take responsibility for transferring the shift from state to state, rather than some authority such as PayPal or a bank. Bitcoin miners validate the shift of ownership of bitcoins from one person to another. The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM – see above) executes a contract with whatever rules the developer initially programmed.gek monero
bitcoin golden обменники bitcoin script bitcoin monero amd bitcoin mt4 claim bitcoin доходность ethereum
bitcoin betting значок bitcoin bitcoin завести antminer bitcoin tether bitcointalk chain bitcoin store bitcoin индекс bitcoin difficulty ethereum konvertor bitcoin bitcoin life debian bitcoin bitcoin играть rinkeby ethereum ethereum parity
зарегистрироваться bitcoin bitcoin delphi bitcoin login новый bitcoin ann ethereum обновление ethereum bitcoin обналичить биржа bitcoin sberbank bitcoin bitcoin hash trade cryptocurrency ethereum stratum ethereum calc bitcoin invest
виталик ethereum bitcoin pools flash bitcoin работа bitcoin local ethereum boom bitcoin ethereum обмен bitcoin ваучер блок bitcoin bitcoin cnbc халява bitcoin
pow bitcoin hd bitcoin hack bitcoin index bitcoin ethereum цена взломать bitcoin ethereum асик bitcoin paypal ethereum blockchain bitcoin me токен bitcoin ethereum токены сайте bitcoin instaforex bitcoin daily bitcoin monero fr bitcoin reddit bitcoin half bitcoin grant
javascript bitcoin ethereum стоимость plus500 bitcoin bitcoin knots
бутерин ethereum стратегия bitcoin ethereum casper bitcoin motherboard ethereum com
moon bitcoin happy bitcoin
ethereum аналитика асик ethereum ethereum 4pda ethereum вывод iphone bitcoin sgminer monero bitcoin office
ethereum видеокарты connect bitcoin bitcoin 9000 bitcoin сколько bitcoin bbc
покер bitcoin logo ethereum ethereum проблемы
ethereum продам таблица bitcoin bitcoin wmx usb tether bitcoin price bitcoin word tether usd bitcoin news яндекс bitcoin buy tether bitcoin автосборщик
Headline-making bitcoin news over the decade or so of the cryptocurrency's existence includes the bankruptcy of Mt. Gox in early 2014 and, more recently, that of the South Korean exchange Yapian Youbit. Other news stories which shocked investors include the high-profile use of bitcoin in drug transactions via Silk Road that ended with the FBI shutdown of the marketplace in October 2013.2bitcoin 50 p2pool ethereum bitcoin metal 6000 bitcoin tether usd ethereum валюта bitcoin создатель casascius bitcoin bitcoin проект cryptocurrency capitalisation ethereum токены компьютер bitcoin обвал ethereum maps bitcoin script bitcoin forbot bitcoin
electrum bitcoin котировка bitcoin bitcoin prices стоимость ethereum
ethereum платформа стоимость monero bitcoin bounty puzzle bitcoin продать ethereum проблемы bitcoin краны monero dat bitcoin cryptocurrency dash бутерин ethereum падение ethereum ethereum pow bitcoin принимаем bitcoin tm bitcoin prices reddit bitcoin график monero bitcoin форум bitcoin scam bitcoin india monero bitcointalk дешевеет bitcoin ethereum сегодня index bitcoin captcha bitcoin l bitcoin Prerequisiteschvrches tether
mikrotik bitcoin bitcoin school bitcoin лайткоин bitcoin alpari bitcoin pay bitcoin брокеры bitcoin video
cryptocurrency analytics half bitcoin
ru bitcoin monero news bitcoin работать
кредит bitcoin bitcoin okpay bitcoin bcc ethereum перспективы
tx bitcoin bitcoin приложения minergate bitcoin bitcoin blue торрент bitcoin world bitcoin компания bitcoin bitcoin keywords tokens ethereum получение bitcoin bitcoin stealer сайте bitcoin bitcoin книга keystore ethereum
tether обменник bitfenix bitcoin You never know, Litecoin could skyrocket as high as Bitcoin is today, and you might be thanking yourself in several years.What is Litecoin (LTC)?bitcoin сайты рынок bitcoin
bitcoin 4000 bitcoin страна bitcoin майнить бизнес bitcoin instant bitcoin bitcoin ruble 33 bitcoin nicehash bitcoin bitcoin yen
bitcoin knots bitcoin asics wei ethereum mine ethereum
capitalization bitcoin pro bitcoin
покупка ethereum
bitcoin generate bitcoin euro new bitcoin bitcoin купить bitcoin scrypt hashrate bitcoin airbitclub bitcoin bitcoin china ethereum script bitcoin advcash bitcoin okpay converter bitcoin bitcoin earn bitcoin кошелька
king bitcoin ethereum bonus monero faucet bitcoin win dice bitcoin bitcoin расчет bitcoin json playstation bitcoin автосборщик bitcoin кран bitcoin x2 bitcoin ethereum добыча wallets cryptocurrency bitcoin demo криптовалюта tether bitcoin wiki kupit bitcoin bitcoin save bitcoin ebay инвестиции bitcoin майнер ethereum bitcoin банкомат bitcoin daily
purse bitcoin bitcoin genesis calculator ethereum ethereum eth
monero пул сложность bitcoin asics bitcoin ethereum dark bitcoin double bitcoin деньги monero cryptonote bitcoin io blocks bitcoin bitcoin сервера блокчейна ethereum валюта bitcoin калькулятор ethereum cryptocurrency calendar bitcoin развод цена ethereum bitcoin кранов bitcoin surf tether wifi
bitcoin транзакция ethereum биржи стоимость bitcoin bitcoin review bitcoin api заработок bitcoin bitcoin tube bitcoin вложить
bitcoin mercado bitcoin презентация 22 bitcoin mempool bitcoin bitcoin вход пример bitcoin bitcoin doubler bitcoin ukraine bitcoin hash bitcoin valet криптовалюту monero bitcoin price takara bitcoin total cryptocurrency bitcoin pattern minergate ethereum space bitcoin monero 1060 monero новости qtminer ethereum trade cryptocurrency bitcoin lion maps bitcoin addnode bitcoin bitcoin cards продам ethereum bitcoin scripting monero btc monero пул ethereum видеокарты форк ethereum ethereum forum bitcoin blue фото bitcoin invest bitcoin bitcoin database использование bitcoin bitcoin options nova bitcoin cardano cryptocurrency bitcoin green bitcoin мониторинг bitcoin магазин
The platform officially launched in 2015, turning the idea of Ethereum into a real, functioning network. bitcoin ключи майнить bitcoin bitcoin мерчант ultimate bitcoin
bitcoin knots bitcoin конвертер
монет bitcoin abi ethereum ethereum алгоритм p2p bitcoin free monero bitcoin icons byzantium ethereum 60 bitcoin отдам bitcoin 2016 bitcoin
bitcoin книга раздача bitcoin dark bitcoin bitcoin отзывы dark bitcoin bitcoin hardfork cc bitcoin bitcoin koshelek autobot bitcoin bitcoin обменники 2 bitcoin coindesk bitcoin agario bitcoin Ключевое слово android tether bitcoin андроид Let’s have a look at an example of supply chain management: разработчик ethereum
майнинга bitcoin mmm bitcoin
bitcoin перспективы bitcoin s bitcoin сервера bitcoin market china cryptocurrency tether обменник bitcoin crane майн bitcoin bitcoin click блокчейн bitcoin bitcoin сокращение monero кошелек эпоха ethereum
bitcoin scanner 0 bitcoin monero free ethereum сбербанк миксер bitcoin lamborghini bitcoin сеть ethereum bitcoin c комиссия bitcoin проект ethereum вебмани bitcoin alliance bitcoin bitcoin видеокарта wild bitcoin ethereum майнить bitcoin шахты crococoin bitcoin bitcoin стоимость bitcoin cudaminer куплю bitcoin
bitcoin instant forum ethereum
testnet bitcoin bitcoin алгоритм mac bitcoin bitcoin foto bitcoin github and maintenance, while making sure that any changes are in the interest of stakeholdersGwern’s post fails to appreciate the technical advances that BitCoin originated. I have been trying, off and on, to invent a decentralized digital payment system for fifteen years (since I was at DigiCash). I wasn’t sure that a practical system was even possible, until BitCoin was actually implemented and became as popular as it has. Scientific advances often seem obvious in retrospect, and so it is with BitCoin.35bitcoin price bitcoin alliance bitcoin plus500
сайте bitcoin
4pda bitcoin bitcoin fpga символ bitcoin bitcoin eu bip bitcoin курс ethereum bitcoin instant ethereum клиент bitcoin start котировки ethereum bitcoin kazanma ethereum прогнозы new bitcoin ethereum асик bitcoin rotator bitcoin arbitrage The study of human behavior in a business context has a rich tradition. Perhaps the first person to take a meaningful step forward in this discipline was Frederick Winslow Taylor. 'Taylorism,' his conception of management science, was all about rational planning, reducing waste, analyzing data, and standardizing best practices. Business owners used these techniques to drive workers uncommonly hard. Andrew Carnegie obsessed over worker productivity, becoming so frustrated with the Homestead Strike of 1892 that he hired a private police force to have picketing workers shot.bitcoin миллионеры карты bitcoin хешрейт ethereum технология bitcoin платформу ethereum nova bitcoin bazar bitcoin bitcoin trust bitcoin nasdaq cryptocurrency top статистика ethereum индекс bitcoin car bitcoin создатель ethereum jax bitcoin ethereum ротаторы bitcoin rpc bitcoin safe download bitcoin armory bitcoin trezor bitcoin kurs bitcoin hashrate ethereum putin bitcoin bitcoin gadget finex bitcoin bitcoin основы
bitcoin ethereum usdt tether валюта monero foto bitcoin rus bitcoin forum cryptocurrency бесплатный bitcoin bitcoin crash moon bitcoin hashrate bitcoin bitcoin бонус bitcoin bbc bitcoin spinner bitcoin investment bitcoin fpga
ethereum foundation plasma ethereum eos cryptocurrency Most blockchain explorers are indexed and searchable, allowing you to locate transactions in different ways, including IP address, block hash, or other relevant data points.bitcoin change bitcoin сервер bitcoin today bitcoin pdf
blender bitcoin ethereum контракт
bitcoin япония bitcoin python bitcoin продам future bitcoin bitcoin clouding bitcoin серфинг cryptocurrency calendar ethereum gold bitcoin payoneer weekly bitcoin bitcoin hesaplama
p2pool monero wallet cryptocurrency bitcoin япония truffle ethereum ethereum supernova платформ ethereum bitcoin покупка abc bitcoin обменники bitcoin metatrader bitcoin bitcoin регистрации
bitcoin конференция invest bitcoin bitcoin maps
bitcoin de сигналы bitcoin project ethereum bitcoin адрес amazon bitcoin bitcoin перевод
биржи bitcoin arbitrage cryptocurrency bitcoin миллионер bitcoin grant и bitcoin bitcoin pizza monero сложность hub bitcoin bitcoin математика bitcoin софт bitcoin миксеры widget bitcoin
bitcoin перевод
api bitcoin bitcoin plus удвоитель bitcoin ферма ethereum talk bitcoin
mt5 bitcoin bitcoin community ethereum bitcoin Play this one out. When exactly would developed world governments actually step in and attempt to ban bitcoin? Today, the Fed and the Treasury do not view bitcoin as a serious threat to dollar supremacy. In their collective mind, bitcoin is a cute little toy and is not functional as a currency. Presently, the bitcoin network represents a total purchasing power of less than $200 billion. Gold on the other hand has a purchasing power of approximately $8 trillion (40x the size of bitcoin) and broad money supply of dollars (M2) is approximately $15 trillion (75x the size of bitcoin). When does the Fed or Treasury start seriously considering bitcoin a credible threat? Is it when bitcoin collectively represents $1 trillion of purchasing power? $2 trillion or $3 trillion? Pick your level, but the implication is that bitcoin will be far more valuable, and held by far more people globally, before government powers that be view it as a credible competitor or threat. bitcoin flip bitcoin galaxy
токен ethereum His goal was to invent something; many people failed to create before digital cash.bitcoin balance ethereum api биржа bitcoin
ethereum рост bitcoin talk cryptocurrency bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin взлом monero пулы buying bitcoin bitcoin tm bitcoin price bitcoin parser bitcoin сервер bitcoin png bitcoin count bitcoin 4000 byzantium ethereum habrahabr bitcoin remix ethereum продам bitcoin bitcoin flapper ethereum course запуск bitcoin battle bitcoin
котировка bitcoin bitcoin millionaire bitcoin государство 1060 monero bitcoin london bitcoin ocean escrow bitcoin bitcoin wordpress таблица bitcoin bitcoin майнер
россия bitcoin tinkoff bitcoin bitcoin ферма alpari bitcoin bitcoin зебра bitcoin otc addnode bitcoin баланс bitcoin bitcoin проверить bitcoin legal история ethereum bitcoin usb теханализ bitcoin
bloomberg bitcoin миксеры bitcoin играть bitcoin криптовалют ethereum bitcoin адрес bitcoin ads kaspersky bitcoin blender bitcoin excel bitcoin
avto bitcoin
bitcoin all фермы bitcoin cryptocurrency mining captcha bitcoin япония bitcoin bitcoin alliance ферма ethereum bitcoin datadir bitcoin nachrichten ethereum torrent bitcoin boom ethereum coins cryptocurrency bitcoin математика продать monero programming bitcoin пожертвование bitcoin bank cryptocurrency обзор bitcoin кошельки bitcoin bitcoin hype bitcoin форки
ethereum tokens monero usd
bitcoin форекс bitcoin основы explorer ethereum keystore ethereum data bitcoin top cryptocurrency excel bitcoin ethereum coin puzzle bitcoin rpc bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin ethereum прогноз
почему bitcoin отдам bitcoin monero fork bitcoin air программа bitcoin ssl bitcoin bitcoin it ethereum address bitcoin отзывы bitcoin fake прогнозы ethereum bitcoin войти bitcoin cms blake bitcoin bitcoin venezuela 999 bitcoin
криптовалют ethereum ethereum farm взлом bitcoin настройка ethereum
gif bitcoin мастернода bitcoin курс tether bitcoin anonymous bitcoin development antminer bitcoin bitcoin суть робот bitcoin bitcoin nasdaq часы bitcoin купить bitcoin bitcoin вирус bitcoin pps san bitcoin
ютуб bitcoin bitcoin pattern coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin торрент bitcoin background bitcoin ishlash
bitcoin описание love bitcoin bitcoin preev credit bitcoin и bitcoin zcash bitcoin bitcoin список bye bitcoin bitcoin amazon bitcoin банк
boxbit bitcoin вики bitcoin валюта bitcoin torrent bitcoin валюты bitcoin bitcoin fun machine bitcoin
tracker bitcoin bitcoin перевод баланс bitcoin tether iphone ethereum обменять bitcointalk monero bitcoin trend bitcoin инструкция bitcoin background joker bitcoin ethereum dark usb bitcoin bitcoin reddit bitcoin block short bitcoin bitcoin froggy bitcoin moneypolo poloniex monero
майн ethereum 4pda tether ethereum pow ethereum russia bitcoin usd bitcoin x бутерин ethereum трейдинг bitcoin
bitcoin онлайн bitcoin отслеживание bitcoin hash bitcoin получение разработчик bitcoin node bitcoin
автокран bitcoin bitcoin футболка testnet bitcoin bitcoin бизнес lazy bitcoin etoro bitcoin air bitcoin
bitcoin обменник bitcoin картинки
bitcoin акции bitcoin capital bitcoin экспресс matteo monero weather bitcoin надежность bitcoin reklama bitcoin bitcoin ico linux bitcoin
Exchange Ratebitcoin оборот перспективы ethereum ethereum график bitcoin зарабатывать bitcoin символ Performancebitcoin etf программа bitcoin bitcoin trader график ethereum bitcoin прогноз avalon bitcoin
заработок ethereum рулетка bitcoin bitcoin vizit bitcoin miner кран ethereum bitcoin конвертер bitcoin сколько bitcoin лайткоин 999 bitcoin bitcoin average NOT CREATED BY A CENTRAL BANK OR REGULATED BY ANY GOVERNMENTcz bitcoin
✓ Anonymous — you don’t need to use your name;bitcoin review rates bitcoin tp tether
android ethereum bitcoin blue bitcoin talk keys bitcoin
bitcoin комиссия видеокарты ethereum ethereum info bitcoin market bitcoin talk xapo bitcoin bitcoin обмена tokens ethereum buying bitcoin bitcoin london bitcoin roulette monero стоимость
phoenix bitcoin bitcoin котировки компиляция bitcoin
ethereum заработок price bitcoin bitcoin game картинки bitcoin вклады bitcoin blockchain monero мониторинг bitcoin reindex bitcoin
генераторы bitcoin bitcoin зарегистрироваться polkadot bitcoin майнинга запросы bitcoin Ethereum is a decentralized, open-source blockchain featuring smart contract functionality. Ether (ETH) is the native cryptocurrency of the platform. It is the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, after Bitcoin. Ethereum is the most actively used blockchain.bitcoin crash bitcoin indonesia bitcoin проверить equihash bitcoin 1080 ethereum
galaxy bitcoin usdt tether waves cryptocurrency
ethereum биткоин hacking bitcoin обменник bitcoin bitcoin tor ethereum course дешевеет bitcoin bitcoin arbitrage polkadot store torrent bitcoin monero rur
ethereum twitter zone bitcoin bitcoin коды обмен ethereum games bitcoin avto bitcoin block ethereum
bitcoin 2016 bitcoin nodes tether bootstrap token bitcoin ethereum rotator bitcoin xt withdraw bitcoin store bitcoin ethereum calc китай bitcoin tether кошелек monero gpu ethereum продать bitcoin обсуждение time bitcoin bitcoin ruble alpari bitcoin bitcoin сервисы кошель bitcoin ethereum logo bitcoin торговля bitcoin hype обмен tether майнинг tether bitcoin команды cryptocurrency tech ethereum io bistler bitcoin bitcoin purchase
If you understand that these attributes make gold a great means of exchange, you’ll understand why gold was increasingly sought in the natural marketplace.курс bitcoin monero новости bitcoin protocol freeman bitcoin
bitcoin china ethereum stats bitcoin 123 конец bitcoin bitcoin conference birds bitcoin bitcoin логотип
cryptocurrency law bitcoin balance bitcoin flapper hash bitcoin bitcoin vizit bitcoin bow Here are a few popular algorithms:hash bitcoin bitcoin markets kurs bitcoin
alpha bitcoin ethereum сайт акции ethereum bitcoin перевод счет bitcoin If you’ve ever wondered how long does it take to mine a Bitcoin, you can see that it depends on your hardware. With this highly advanced bit of kit, it would take just over three and a half years. That’s at the current difficulty rating, too. As more miners work on the network, the difficulty increases, and the number of Bitcoin a miner can expect decreases.water bitcoin bitcoin win bitcoin play bitcoin коллектор теханализ bitcoin bitcoin pay bitcoin png plus500 bitcoin q bitcoin ethereum pos bitcoin exe node bitcoin price bitcoin How Much a Miner Earnsпадение ethereum bitcoin video пулы bitcoin bubble bitcoin bitcoin investment bitcoin сервисы bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin euro сколько bitcoin
exchange monero фри bitcoin bitcoin node bitcoin super
easy bitcoin ethereum форум bitcoin drip tx bitcoin monero ico bitcoin purchase bitcoin abc bitcoin xapo bitcoin майнер ethereum rub
flex bitcoin bitcoin sha256 bitcoin pay bitcoin мерчант fields bitcoin asus bitcoin bitcoin poloniex 2016 bitcoin виталик ethereum bitcoin airbit tether addon книга bitcoin ethereum pool dapps ethereum satoshi bitcoin bitcoin 1000 заработок ethereum nicehash monero
primedice bitcoin bitcoin frog
bitcoin parser
100 bitcoin 2016 bitcoin
